Through informal assessment, a teacher becomes a guide throughout the learning process, rather than the judge of the student’s final product. While committing to formative—or informal—assessment ...

Formative assessment practices have been shown to improve science instruction. However, examples of teachers’ moment-to-moment informal formative assessment practices are still sparse. This ...

Students often draw upon a diverse set of prior understanding and experiences when attempting to explain phenomena. Formative assessment allows teachers to better understand students’ alternative ...